PATROL UTILITY CERTIFICATION

     To obtain a "Police Utility" Certification Title, the Police K9 Team must pass all phases of the Police Utility testing areas, excluding the Agility phase.

     Prior to testing for this title, the Handler must notify the Instructor/Evaluator of his/her intent to certify in this title.
     The testing will be conducted during a one-day test, unless it is conducted during a VPCA National or State Workshop. The Team must pass each phase on the first attempt and will be tested in the following areas:

• Obedience (MUST be passed to go on to the other areas)
• Article Search
• Area Search
• Tracking or Trailing (Expert or Distinguished Expert only, not Novice)
• Building Search
• Criminal Apprehension/Aggression Control

     All tests given the K9 Team will be on a pass/fail basis. The Instructor/Evaluator will determine if the Team will be Certified upon the completion of the test. The Handler and dog will be considered as a Team, and it is the Team who will be Certified. If the dog changes Handlers, a new team exists and the new Team will need to be Certified.
     This Certification will be valid for one (1) year from the date of issue, as defined in Certification Validity paragraph. There will be no fee charged for VPCA Certification testing. A fee may be imposed to cover expenses of travel, lodging and meals only, if necessary.

OBEDIENCE CERTIFICATION

     This test is to determine if the Police K9 is capable of performing off-lead obedience exercises. The test is designed to test the K9's ability and proficiency, and the Handler's total control over his/her K9.
     This test must be passed before proceeding on to any other Patrol Utility K9 test phases, which may include aggression work or where the K9 will be utilized off-lead.
     The Police K9 team will be tested in the following three (3) stages:

• Heeling stage
• Walking stage
• Distance Control stage

HEELING STAGE

     The heeling phase of this test will consist of the following exercises:

• Normal pace,
• Fast pace, or double-time,
• Slow pace or half step,
• A minimum of two (2) right turns, two (2) left turns, & two (2) about turns.

WALKING STAGE

     The Handler and K9 will begin from the "Finish" position and walk forward together.

• At a point designated by the Instructor/Evaluator, the Handler will place their K9 in a stay position (sit or down), and continue walking. This is to be done without breaking stride.
  
• At a point designated by the Instructor/Evaluator, the Handler, while continuing to walk away from his/her K9, will command his/her K9 to heel.
  
• The Instructor/Evaluator will instruct the team to "About Turn", and then to walk forward.
  
• At a point designated by the Instructor/Evaluator, the Handler will stay his/her K9 (sit or down), and without breaking stride, will continue walking.
  
• At a point designated by the Instructor/Evaluator, the Handler will turn and retrieve his/her K9 and return to place of origin.

DISTANCE CONTROL STAGE

     At a point designated by the Instructor/Evaluator during either of the previous stages, the Handler will leave his/her K9 in a "Stay". At a distance of no less than ten (10) feet but not more than thirty (30) feet, the Handler will be directed to turn and face his/her K9. At the direction of the Instructor/Evaluator, the Handler will complete the following commands (choice and order of command or signals will be at the direction of the Instructor/Evaluator):

• "Sit and Down" by VOICE
• "Sit and Down" by HAND/SIGNAL

     All tests given the K9 Team will be on a pass/fail basis. The Instructor/Evaluator will determine if the Team will be Certified upon the completion of the test. The Handler and dog will be considered as a Team, and it is the Team who will be Certified. If the dog changes Handlers, a new team exists and the new Team will need to be Certified.
     This Certification will be valid for one (1) year from the date of issue, as defined in Certification Validity paragraph. There will be no fee charged for VPCA Certification testing. A fee may be imposed to cover expenses of travel, lodging and meals only, if necessary.

AGILITY CERTIFICATION

     This test is to determine the ability of the Police K9 to surmount obstacles. This test will be done off lead. The Instructor/Evaluator will decide the order of obstacles for each K9. There will be no set routine. The K9 must surmount all obstacles successfully. The K9 will be allowed two (2) attempts to complete each obstacle. Handlers will be allowed to verbally encourage their K9, but will not physically help the K9 unless physical harm to the K9 is imminent.

HURDLES

• 42" - 48" high and a minimum of 36" wide.
• Consisting of five (5) jumps. The K9 must go over four (4) of the five (5) jumps.
  • Chain Link Fence.
  • Window Jump - opening of 30" by 30".
  • Solid Wall - brick, cinder block or wood.
  • Vehicle Door Window-will have a platform or vehicle seat up against the inside of the door, the K9 will jump onto the seat or platform and then go through the Window. This has been changed to aid in the prevention of injury to the K9 due to the change in designs of vehicle doors over the years.
  • Picket Fence Jump.
• The Handler may run along with his/her K9 during the exercise commanding his/her K9 over each hurdle.
• All fence jumps may have a clear backing to aid in the prevention of injuries to the K-9.

TRESTLE WALK

• It shall be three (3) feet off the ground: 12 to 18 feet long with 2" by 4" cross boards 4" apart. The width will be at least 36".
• The K9 will surmount the trestle by jumping onto the trestle and walking from one end to the other.
• The Handler may walk alongside the K9, but will not touch the K9 except to prevent injury.
• The trestle walk may have a clear Plexiglas backing (under the boards) to aid in the prevention of injuries to the K-9.

TUNNEL WALK

• It shall be 18" to 32" in diameter and 8 to 12 feet in length.
• The tunnel can be made of metal, wood or concrete.
• If the K9 back out it is a miss. The K9 will be given two (2) attempts at completion.

PLATFORM CLIMB

• 4 foot by 4 foot platform at least 6 feet off the ground with three (3) types of ladders or stairs attached to it.
• Ladders/stairs will be at a 35 to 45 degree angle.
• Material of ladders is optional: wood, metal, etc.
• The K9 will climb whichever ladder required by the Instructor/Evaluator and dismount whichever ladder required by the Instructor/Evaluator.

     This test is designed to determine if the Police K9 is capable of tracking an unknown subject in an unfamiliar area. This test is intended to be closely stimulative of working situations. This is a test of the K9's ability and proficiency and the Handler's control of the K9.

HANLDERS

     Handlers may use leads, tracking ropes, harnesses, correction collars, or leather collars while tracking.

SUSPECTS

     The suspect will be unknown to the K9 when possible. The suspect will receive instruction from the Instructor/Evaluator for the method and direction that the track is to be laid. Before the track is laid, the Instructor/Evaluator will inform the Handler whether a suspect or a scent article from the suspect will be at the end of the track.

TRACK

     The Handler and K9 will be secluded from view of the track while it is being laid. When the test begins the Instructor/Evaluator will inform the Handler of the approximate area to begin. The Handler will not be told in which direction the track leads. There will be one (1) fresh cross track laid at least fifteen (15) minutes after the original track is laid. The cross track will be laid by a second person to test the K9's scent discrimination. The track must be at least one-quarter (1/4) mile long and have at least two (2) types of surfaces, which are covered (dirt, grass, concrete, asphalt, woods, etc.). The track will be at least one (1) hour old prior to beginning the test, and have at least three (3) turns in it. Due to climatic conditions the age of the track will be at the discretion of the Instructor/Evaluator.

     All tests given the K9 Team will be on a pass/fail basis. The Instructor/Evaluator will determine if the Team will be Certified upon the completion of the test. The Handler and dog will be considered as a Team, and it is the Team who will be Certified. If the dog changes Handlers, a new team exists and the new Team will need to be Certified.
     This Certification will be valid for one (1) year from the date of issue, as defined in Certification Validity paragraph. There will be no fee charged for VPCA Certification testing. A fee may be imposed to cover expenses of travel, lodging and meals only, if necessary.

TRAILING CERTIFICATION

     This test is to determine if the police canine is capable of performing a trailing exercise in a simulation of conditions, which are encountered during working situations by the Police K9 team. This test is designed to test the K9's ability and proficiency and the Handlers control of the K9.
     Three (3) classifications will be available: Novice, Expert, and Distinguished Expert. Upon the first application the Handler may designate the level of classification for which he/she wish testing. Failure of the first test will require a team to be tested at the Novice level before being allowed to apply for the Expert level testing. Upon successful passing of each test the Handler may then be tested at the Distinguished Expert level.
     In each test the Handler and canine will be hidden from view prior to the test start. Whenever possible, the suspect will be an unknown person, not regularly worked with the canine. The Instructor/Evaluator will follow the Handler and in no way interfere with or distract the canine. In the event the team loses the trail and the Handler is made aware of the same, he/she will be given five (5) minutes by the Instructor/Evaluator to recover the track and continue. The Instructor/Evaluator will advise the Handler when the five (5) minutes have elapsed, and will notify the team that they have failed this test. Due to climatic conditions, the age of the trail will be at the discretion of the Instructor/Evaluator.

NOVICE TITLE

     The canine will start the trail ten (10) minutes old and trail for one half mile. Surface cover will be vegetation and no other human trails will be present. The suspect making the trail will remain at the end of the trail until found.

EXPERT TITLE

     The canine will start the trail one (1) hour old and trail for one (1) mile. Starting surface cover will be vegetation, but should run about 500 feet on pavement during the course of the trail. There will be old human trails in the trailing area. The suspect will remain at the end of the trail.

DISTINGUISHED EXPERT TITLE

     The canine will start the trail one (1) hour old and trail at least one and one half miles. Surface cover at the start of the trail will be vegetation but will run at least 500 feet on pavement, cross a stream if available and cross two (2) fresh human trails. The suspect will remain at the end of the trail until found.
     This test will begin at the direction of the Instructor/Evaluator in the designated area. The Handler will not be instructed in which direction the trail has been laid. The Handler may encourage his/her K9 as needed with commands and praise.

     All tests given the K9 Team will be on a pass/fail basis. The Instructor/Evaluator will determine if the Team will be Certified upon the completion of the test. The Handler and dog will be considered as a Team, and it is the Team who will be Certified. If the dog changes Handlers, a new team exists and the new Team will need to be Certified.
     This Certification will be valid for one (1) year from the date of issue, as defined in Certification Validity paragraph. There will be no fee charged for VPCA Certification testing. A fee may be imposed to cover expenses of travel, lodging and meals only, if necessary.

AREA SEARCH CERTIFICATION

     This test is designed to test the Police K9's ability and proficiency in search for a hidden suspect within a large area when no known track is available. The team being tested should use the wind and air currents to their best advantage.

INSTRUCTOR/EVALUATOR

     The Instructor/Evaluator will accompany the team during the entire test. The Instructor/Evaluator will make every effort not to distract or interfere with the K9 while he/she is working. The Instructor/Evaluator will designate the general area to be search.

HANDLER

     Handlers may select the starting point outside the search area that he/she wishes. This test may be done off leash. The leash may not be any shorter than six (6) feet or longer than thirty (30) feet. Standard leashes, collars, correction collars or harnesses may be used. The Handler will indicate to the Instructor/Evaluator the area in which the suspect is hidden within ten (10) feet of the suspect and call for the suspect to show themselves.

SUSPECT

     The suspect will hide in the area at least ten (10) minutes prior to the beginning of the test. The suspect should be an unknown person not normally used in training with the K9. The suspect will hide themselves from view of the team using available concealment.

TIME & AREA

     The area size the search takes place in and the time allowed for the search will be at the discretion of the Instructor/Evaluator.

     All tests given the K9 Team will be on a pass/fail basis. The Instructor/Evaluator will determine if the Team will be Certified upon the completion of the test. The Handler and dog will be considered as a Team, and it is the Team who will be Certified. If the dog changes Handlers, a new team exists and the new Team will need to be Certified.
     This Certification will be valid for one (1) year from the date of issue, as defined in Certification Validity paragraph. There will be no fee charged for VPCA Certification testing. A fee may be imposed to cover expenses of travel, lodging and meals only, if necessary.

ARTICLE SEARCH CERTIFICATION

     This test is designed to test the Police K9's ability and proficiency in searching a designated area for articles having human scent on them. This would represent a search for discarded evidence or lost items. Instructor/Evaluators and Handlers should review these rules in their entirety. Instructor/Evaluators will observe the test from outside the search area. The Instructor/Evaluator will designate the search area.

SEARCH AREA

     The area to be searched will be no less than 60 feet by 60 feet. It will be covered by heavy vegetation no less than ten (10) inches high. One or more subjects crossing through the area at least twice with a dog will contaminate the search area prior to the test.

SEARCH ARTICLES

     Three (3) articles of different composition (metal, wood, paper, etc.) will be thrown at random into the search area. The team to be tested will not view this being done. One (1) article will be of metal composition. The articles to be used will be selected from, but not limited to, the following list:

• Plastic credit card
• Paper matchbook
• Shotgun Shell
• Leather Wallet
• Crumpled cigarette package
• Wood handle screwdriver (4"-6")
• Empty metal handgun
• Empty popgun

TIME

     There will be a five (4) minute time limit for this test. A warning will be given when thirty (30) seconds remain for the test. Time will start when the Handler sends his/her K9 out to search from any point around the perimeter of the search area.

HANDLER

     The K9, on clearly indicating or finding a search article may be encouraged to down or retrieve it. Preferably, the Handler will elect to recover it themselves. The Handler may enter the search area and direct the search as he/she would in an actual situation. After each indication and article recovery the Handler will command the K9 to continue to search. The K9 will be judged on the alert and indication to the search article. This must be obvious to the Instructor/Evaluator.
     The K9 must make two (2) finds out of three (3) with a strong indication on both in order to pass this test. Failure of this test may be based on lack of Handler control, disinterest on the part of the K9, biting of the Instructor/Evaluator, or other non aggressive personnel assisting in this test.

     All tests given the K9 Team will be on a pass/fail basis. The Instructor/Evaluator will determine if the Team will be Certified upon the completion of the test. The Handler and dog will be considered as a Team, and it is the Team who will be Certified. If the dog changes Handlers, a new team exists and the new Team will need to be Certified.
     This Certification will be valid for one (1) year from the date of issue, as defined in Certification Validity paragraph. There will be no fee charged for VPCA Certification testing. A fee may be imposed to cover expenses of travel, lodging and meals only, if necessary.

BUILDING SEARCH CERTIFICATION

     This test is designed to be simulative of a working situation. Three (3) basic types of buildings are selected and described for use on this test. The Instructor/Evaluator will accompany the team to observe the entire test, as could happen when a backup officer or superior officer would accompany the K9 Team during an actual search. Officer survival tactics should be considered.

BUILDING TYPES

• Residential dwellings;
• Warehouse, armory, barn, open areas within the building;
• School, hotel, office building, multi-room interior.

SUSPECTS

• Will be hidden ten (10) minutes prior to the test start.
• Will be hidden in a place of concealment, which is not visible to the K9 and Handler.
• Will wear protective sleeve, if necessary, for protection.
• Whenever possible, will be a person unknown to the K9, and not normally used in training with the K9.
• Should be changed after each team completes their search.
• Should be brought into the building by way of a different route than that to be used by the K9 and Handler.
• Will be placed in concealment at any height.

INSTRUCTOR/EVALUATOR

• Will designate the area of the building to be used for the test.
• Will designate the area in which the team is to begin their search.
• Will accompany the team into the building and must be able to observe the test. The Instructor/Evaluator should make every effort not to interfere with the test, and should confer with the Handler to reach an agreement as how not to disturb the K9 (follow behind and observe from doorways, ladder, etc.)
• When it is obvious to the Instructor/Evaluator that the K9 is not searching for the suspect, he/she will inform the Handler of the failure for this test.

HANDLER

• This test may be done off leash. Equipment normally used (collars, harness, etc.) may be used.
• Confer with the Instructor/Evaluator prior to the test and agree on how the Instructor/Evaluator will observe the test (see Instructor/Evaluator section of this test, Rule #3).
• The Handler will accompany the K9 throughout the test and may encourage his/her K9 with commands and praise, as needed.
• In NO case will the Handler open any doors that are closed within his/her search area. Rooms with open doors should be searched thoroughly.
• The K9’s indication of the find of the suspect must be obvious to the Instructor/Evaluator. If the K9 indicates that the suspect is behind a closed door, the Handler will inform the Instructor/Evaluator of their observation.

CRIMINAL APPREHENSION/AGGRESSION CONTROL CERTIFICATION

     This test is to determine if the police K9 is capable of performing exercises encountered by the police Handler and his/her K9 under simulated situations encountered while working. The test is designed to test the K9’s ability, proficiency and courage, and the Handler’s total control of his/her K9.
     There are three (3) stages of this test. The K9 and Handler will be tested in all stages in the order listed. Each stage is tested on a pass/fail basis and must be passed before proceeding to the next phase.
     There are options for equipment utilized during the test. Prior to the test the Instructor/Evaluator must approve of the option utilized, inspect and approve all equipment used.
     Hidden, concealed protective gear will be worn by the suspect. This equipment is to be completely concealed by clothing so as to provide no visual cue to the K9 as to its existence or location or a visible colored (other than jute color) full protective aggression suit may be used. In the event of any safety issue raised by the suspect, Handler, or Instructor/Evaluator; the Instructor/Evaluator has the discretion to mandate the use of a protective aggression suit described above.
     The type of lead used by the Handler will be at his/her discretion, but will not be over six (6) feet long. Each phase shall be completed off lead unless specified otherwise.
     Guns and ammunition will be .38 calibers, and will be checked by an Instructor/Evaluator or their appointed steward prior to the phase.
     Whenever possible, the suspect will be unknown to the K9. The suspects may be other Handlers being tested or volunteers with the approval of the Instructor/Evaluator, or in some cases the Instructor/Evaluator themselves.
     In the stages requiring the K9 to physically apprehend the suspect, the K9 must fully engage and hold/fight the suspect. Failure to engage or excessive, unnecessary mouthing and readjusting of the apprehension are grounds for failure.
     In the stages requiring the K9 to stop his pursuit and apprehension of the suspect, the Handler may use any command or series of commands to control the K9. The Handler will inform the Instructor/Evaluator prior to testing as to the command sequence used. Failure of the K9 to release and/or to respond to obedience commands in a timely manner is grounds for failure.
     The Handler must demonstrate sound tactics during all phases of the test. When a search of the suspect is called for the Handler must demonstrate a safe approach, simulate handcuffing, and thoroughly search the suspect for weapons.
     Only the stages and exercises listed/described are required for successful completion of this test. The order of the phases and the exercises performed in each phase are as follows:

STAGE 1: TERMINATION OF CHASE

     The K9 will begin this stage from the heel position. The suspect will begin at a distance of approximately 40 yards away from the team. At the direction of the Instructor/Evaluator, the suspect will run away from the team in any direction. The Instructor/Evaluator will inform the Handler when to send their K9. The suspect will stop and surrender, terminating the pursuit when instructed by the Instructor/Evaluator.
     The type of call-off used is at the Handler’s discretion, but the Instructor/Evaluator must be informed of the type to be used prior to the test. It may be one of the following:

• K9 is recalled to the heel position.
• K9 is commanded to the down, sit, or stand position, and the Handler will join their K9.
• K9 is commanded to the down, sit, or stand position, and then recalled by the Handler to the heel position.

STAGE 2: SHORT CHASE WITH GUN FIRE

     The K9 will begin this stage from the heel position. The suspect, carrying a .38 caliber weapon loaded with blanks, will start approximately 30 yards away from the team and run away.
     The suspect will fire a minimum of two (2) shots, as directed by the Instructor/Evaluator. The Handler will not send his K9 until the second shot is fired. The suspect must fire the last shot before the K9 gets within five (5) yards of him/her. The K9 is to apprehend and hold the suspect.
     Upon the Handlers arrival at the location of the K9 and suspect, and at the direction of the Instructor/Evaluator, the Handler will order the suspect to drop the weapon and then command the K9 to release and call-off as described in Stage 1.
     This stage is complete when the K9 is returned to the heel position with the Handler.

STAGE 3: CHASE FROM VEHICLE

     The K9 and Handler begin this stage inside or next to a stationary vehicle, and will order the suspect approach to them. When the suspect refuses and after the Handler issues the appropriate verbal warnings, the hander will command their K9 to apprehend the suspect.
     The K9 will pursue, apprehend and hold the suspect. Upon the Handlers arrival at the location of the K9 and suspect, and at the direction of the Instructor/Evaluator, the Handler will command the K9 to release and call-off as described in Stage 1.
     The Handler then orders the suspect to an appropriate position approaches the suspect and then simulates handcuffing the suspect. The suspect then simulates assaulting the Handler. The K9 will apprehend and hold the suspect.
     At the direction of the Instructor/Evaluator, the Handler will command the K9 to release and call-off as described in Stage 1. The Handler will then order the suspect to an appropriate position, approach the suspect, and then simulate handcuffing the suspect. The Handler will then search the suspect for weapons. No assault of the Handler will to take place this time.
     The Handler will return to the K9 and assume on lead control ending the complete Aggression Control Test.

     All tests given the K9 Team will be on a pass/fail basis. The Instructor/Evaluator will determine if the Team will be Certified upon the completion of the test. The Handler and dog will be considered as a Team, and it is the Team who will be Certified. If the dog changes Handlers, a new team exists and the new Team will need to be Certified.
     This Certification will be valid for one (1) year from the date of issue, as defined in Certification Validity paragraph. There will be no fee charged for VPCA Certification testing. A fee may be imposed to cover expenses of travel, lodging and meals only, if necessary.

NARCOTIC DETECTION CERTIFICATION

     This test is designed to determine the proficiency and reliability of K9's in the detection of narcotics.
     As defined by the VPCA Narcotic Detection Rules For Resting, the minimum acceptable level required to pass is 91.6%. The basic narcotic odors (and their derivatives) that can be tested in are marijuana, cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine; and are not to exceed five (5) different narcotic odors. Additional odors (such as PCP, MDMA, Hash, etc.) may also be tested for; however, you must meet with the Instructor/Evaluator prior to testing.

     Each Certification certificate shall be valid for one (1) year from the date of the test. It should be noted that normal training and retraining must be conducted to maintain and enhance the team's capability.
     Conversation between tested teams and untested teams will not be allowed while testing is in progress. All aids used in testing should be in separate containers. It shall be the responsibility of the agencies being tested to provide the testing aids. No smoking will be allowed in test areas. The term "aid" shall mean "a narcotic substance".

GENERAL RULES

     The general rules for testing Narcotic Detection K9s will be as follows:

• The "Reward toy" or "object" used during a narcotic detection certification test (to reward the K9 upon finding a narcotic hide) WILL NOT contain any narcotics or narcotic odor/residue.
• All odors attempting to be certified in WILL be hidden in ALL areas tested in.
• All searches will include a minimum of one (1) blank uncontaminated area to be searched (vehicle, room, luggage, locker, area, etc.).
• A "Team Miss" is defined as any incorrect response by the K9 team.
• Only one (1) miss total overall of all odors attempted to be certified in will be permitted for a successful "pass" certification. If the testing K9 team has more than one (1) team miss (which will be considered a failure), then the K9 team MUST RETEST in that stage AND in ALL ODORS for which they are seeking certification.
• Narcotics successfully certified in will be listed by their "Laboratory" names on the Certification certificate.
• Pseudo-narcotics WILL NOT be used for certification tests.
• The Instructor/Evaluator will place the aids in locations unknown to the team. Hides may be high or low.
• The amount of narcotic substance used for testing will not be less than one (1) gram.
• When testing in three or more odors of narcotics, a minimum of one (1) hide of each odor attempted to be certified in WILL be hidden in "Building" searches and in "Other" searches tested in.
• When testing in three or more odors of narcotics, there will be a minimum of one (1) hide of each odor attempted to be certified in, hidden INSIDE or OUTSIDE of the vehicle. There will be at least one (1) blank uncontaminated vehicle searched/used during this test
• If only one (1) odor is attempted to be certified in, there WILL be a minimum of twelve (12) total finds; consisting of a minimum of four (4) hides in building search, a minimum of four (4) hides in "Other" searches, and a minimum of four (4) vehicle hides - two (2) inside and two (2) outside a vehicle. There will be at least one (1) blank uncontaminated vehicle used during this test.
• If two (2) odors are attempted to be certified in, there WILL be a minimum of twelve (12) total finds; consisting of a minimum of two (2) hides of each odor in building search, a minimum of two (2) hides of each odor in "Other" searches, and a minimum of two (2) hides of each odor - one (1) of each odor inside and one (1) of each odor outside a vehicle. There will be at least one (1) blank uncontaminated vehicle used during this test.
• Testing will be conducted in at least three (3) of the five (5) areas.
       Areas of concealment are:
  • Vehicles; mandatory (inside and outside count as one (1) area).
  • Buildings; mandatory.
  • Exterior hides.
  • Luggage, boxes, etc.
  • Any other designated areas.
• Time limits on searches will be at the discretion of the Instructor/Evaluator, and so long as the Instructor/Evaluator determines that the team is still working.

     All tests given the K9 Team will be on a pass/fail basis. The Instructor/Evaluator will determine if the Team will be Certified upon the completion of the test. The Handler and dog will be considered as a Team, and it is the Team who will be Certified. If the dog changes Handlers, a new team exists and the new Team will need to be Certified.
     This Certification will be valid for one (1) year from the date of issue, as defined in Certification Validity paragraph. There will be no fee charged for VPCA Certification testing. A fee may be imposed to cover expenses of travel, lodging and meals only, if necessary.

EXPLOSIVE DETECTION CERTIFICATION

     This test is designed to determine the proficiency and reliability of K9s in the detection of explosives. All canine teams must be tested on ALL basic odors. The basic odors to be tested on are:

• Powders (Black, Pyrodex, Smokeless)
• Commercial Dynamite
• C-4 or Flex-X
• TNT or Military Dynamite
• Primer Cord
• Surries or Water-Gel

TESTING AREAS

     Four (4) areas will be provided for testing. The canine team will be tested in three (3) of the four (4) areas. The canine team must search the areas of Building, Vehicles and Baggage. The fourth area may be either an Aircraft or a Watercraft. The four (4) areas will be:

• Building (rooms, lockers, etc.)
• Vehicles
• Other (Baggage, Open Area, etc.)
• Aircraft or Watercraft

GENERAL RULES

     The general rules for testing Explosive Detection K9's will be as follows:

     For certification the team CANNOT miss more than one (1) aid in all phases of testing. A "team miss" is defined as any incorrect response by the K9 team. If the testing K9 Team has more than one (1) team miss, which is a failure, then the K9 Team MUST RETEST in ALL stages AND in ALL ODORS that they are seeking accreditation for. All testing will be done on a pass/fail basis. As defined by the VPCA Explosive Detection Rules For Testing, the minimum acceptable level required to pass is 91.6%.
     It is recommended that testing be done over a two (2) day period or more. However, this is only a recommendation and the final decision shall rest with the Instructor/Evaluator. All aids will be placed at least thirty (30) minutes prior to testing. No detonating devices will ever be placed with the aids or used in testing. If an aid has to be moved to a new location, the previously used area must be removed as a testing sight. All testing will be done by a Instructor/Evaluator in Explosive Detector K9's.

     Prior to the first detector team entering the test area a K9 Team will be walked through the testing area. Each Handler shall brief the Instructor/Evaluator as to the K9's alert and response to aids prior to testing and each indication to an aid by the K9 should be obvious to the Instructor/Evaluator. The Instructor/Evaluator shall, prior to each phase, explain each problem that will be encountered by the Handler, such as boundaries, time, starting point, and the like.
     A minimum time limit of twenty (20) minutes will be allotted for each phase of testing. The time will be kept by the Instructor/Evaluator doing the testing and will start when the Handler and K9 leave the starting point. The time will stop when the Handler indicates his search is complete or the time expires. Conversation between tested teams and untested teams will not be allowed while testing is in progress.
     The purpose of the testing is to observe the team's ability to locate a hidden explosive. It should be noted that all aids may not be pinpointed to source due to height, wind current or placement of the aid. Reasonable judgment should be exercised by the Instructor/Evaluator and all changes of behavior should be noted by the Handler for consideration.
     Each Certification certificate shall be valid for one (1) year from the date of the test. It should be noted that normal training and retraining must be conducted to maintain and enhance the team's capability.
     All aids used in testing should be of recent manufacture and in separate containers. It shall be the responsibility of the agencies being tested to provide the testing aids. Strict safety measures shall be upheld during testing. No smoking will be allowed in test areas. The term "aid" shall mean "an explosive substance".

BUILDING SEARCH (Mandatory)

     The Building Search stage will consist of a minimum of three (3) rooms and a maximum of five (5) rooms. Each room will be at least 400 square feet and have some type of furniture in it. Only one (1) aid may be placed in each room. One or more rooms should contain no aid(s). One aid must be placed high. The aid may be placed anywhere from eight (8) feet high to ground level. The aids will be placed so the K9 cannot retrieve same. Cabinet doors, desk drawers, closet doors, and such, may not be opened by the Handler.
     At least one (1) mandatory "Blank" room must be provided.

VEHICLE SEARCH (Mandatory)

     Four (4) vehicles minimum with a maximum of seven (7) vehicles of any type or model, including pickup trucks, may be used. The vehicles will be parked in a configuration so as to allow the team to have access to each vehicle (such as a parking lot). The aids will be placed so the K9 cannot retrieve them. Only one aid may be placed on or in each vehicle. One aid must be placed inside a closed engine compartment. Additional aids will be placed at the discretion of the Instructor/Evaluator, and may be placed in (but are not limited to) the following areas:

• The exterior of gas tank or filler pipe
• The drive shaft
• Interior of closed trunk
• Passenger compartment (closed)
• Underside and outer body

BAGGAGE SEARCH (Mandatory)

     Baggage shall be defined as hard and soft shell suitcases, attaché cases, clothes bags, briefcases, golf bags, sea bags, duffel bags, boxes, parcels, and such. Fifteen (15) bags minimum with a maximum of twenty five (25) bags may be used. All aids will be placed inside the bags in a manner such that the K9 cannot retrieve them.

OPEN AREA SEARCH

     Open Area Search shall be defined as:

• Exterior of buildings
• Open fields
• Wooded area
• Any area outside not covered in the above

AIRCRAFT/WATERCRAFT SEARCH

     Common sense shall rule as to the size of the aircraft or watercraft to be used. This will be at the discretion of the Instructor/Evaluator. Availability will be the ruling factor in the testing. The entire search shall include the interior and exterior of the aircraft or watercraft along with all ground support equipment.
     One (1) aid must be placed on the inside of the aircraft or watercraft. Additional aids will be placed at the discretion of the Instructor/Evaluator. This can be either inside or outside of the aircraft or watercraft. This testing phase is not limited to just one (1) aid inside the aircraft or watercraft. All aids will be placed so the K9 cannot retrieve them.

     All tests given the K9 Team will be on a pass/fail basis. The Instructor/Evaluator will determine if the Team will be Certified upon the completion of the test. The Handler and dog will be considered as a Team, and it is the Team who will be Certified. If the dog changes Handlers, a new team exists and the new Team will need to be Certified.
     This Certification will be valid for one (1) year from the date of issue, as defined in Certification Validity paragraph. There will be no fee charged for VPCA Certification testing. A fee may be imposed to cover expenses of travel, lodging and meals only, if necessary.

SEARCH & RESCUE: AREA SEARCH CERTIFICATION

     This test is designed to test the K-9 Team's ability and proficiency in searching designated areas to locate a lost or missing person.
     This certification test will be open to current VPCA Regular and Associate members. Any accredited full Utility Instructor/Evaluator who has either provided to the VPCA secretary written documentation showing that he/she has successfully completed a formal Land Navigation class or who has attended the approved VPCA Land Navigation class (which includes the administration of this test), may conduct this certification test if they so desire.
     All Handlers who wish to test must have a current certificate from the American Red Cross in Basic First Aid and CPR.

LAND NAVIGATION TEST

     All Handlers must successfully complete Land Navigation Testing to the satisfaction of the Instructor/Evaluator prior to performing any field-testing. The Handler is required to supply the following:

• Compass,
• Protractor,
• A Topographical Map.

• Utilizing the compass, shoot a bearing to a distance landmark selected by the Instructor/Evaluator;
• Utilizing the compass, orient the map;
• Give the declination of the map;
• Name a minimum of three (3) terrain features on the map selected by the Instructor/Evaluator;
• Given a compass (magnetic) azimuth, give the grid (map) azimuth for the map being utilized;
• Given a ten-digit UTM grid coordinate, find this point on the map;
• For a point given on the map, give the ten-digit UTM grid coordinate;
• Plot a bearing from the point in task #6 to the point task #7;
• Give the compass (magnetic) azimuth to be followed for the bearing in task #8;
• Give the approximate distance between these two (2) points.

SOCIABILITY TEST

     The team will be required to pass the following exercises to test the K9's sociability and temperament. Any display of aggression by the K9 will constitute a failure.
     While in a heeling position with the Handler, a neutral stranger will approach the Handler and the K-9 and engage in conversation with the Handler, but ignore the K9. Following this the stranger will make non-threatening physical and verbal contact with the K9. While walking on loose leash the Handler and K9 shall complete a figure eight (8) heeling pattern around two (2) Handlers, spaced eight (8) feet apart, with their K9’s on lead and sitting at their side. The Handler and K9 shall complete the pattern passing within two (2) feet of each team.
     It is the responsibility of the Handler to ensure the Instructor/Evaluator has access to topographical maps of the area to be tested in. If the Instructor/Evaluator do not have maps of the area to be tested in, it will be the responsibility of the Handler to supply them. If problems arise with the availability of topographical maps of the test area, the Instructor/Evaluator may select an alternative type of map for this test.
     The Handler must tell the Instructor/Evaluator what the K9 alert will be prior to entering the search area, and the "victims" will be unknown to the K9 team. The use of GPS devices may be allowed during this portion of the test.

TEST AREAS

     The team shall be given grid coordinates on a map and must clear the assigned areas. There will be two (2) test areas, the combined area of which shall not exceed one (1) square kilometer. The terrain shall be light to medium and the area will be shortened if the terrain becomes denser. There will be anywhere from zero (0) to two (2) "victims" in each search area. Upon locating a "victim", it will be up to the Handler if they want the subject to stay with them or leave the search area. The "victims" shall lie still and not stimulate or make any noises or movements to get the K9’s attention. The alert must be obvious to the Instructor/Evaluator. The maximum time for both areas to be cleared will be two (2) hours.
     There will be a break between search areas, and the K9 team may stop inside the areas to rest, which will not count towards the two (2) hour time limit. The length of the rest periods will be at the discretion of the Instructor/Evaluator.

     The team may not miss any "victims" in the time permitted, as this will constitute a failure. A team miss is any incorrect response by the K9 team. All tests given will be on a team pass/fail basis. The Instructor/Evaluator will determine if the team will be certified upon the completion of the test. The Handler and dog will be considered as a team and it is the team that will be certified. If the dog changes Handlers, a new team exists and the team will need to be certified.

     Only VPCA Instructor/Evaluators accredited in full Utility and that have either attended a VPCA instructed class on administering this test or have provided written documentation for their Instructor/Evaluator file folder from a formal course of Land Navigation may administer this test.

     All tests given the K9 Team will be on a pass/fail basis. The Instructor/Evaluator will determine if the Team will be Certified upon the completion of the test. The Handler and dog will be considered as a Team, and it is the Team who will be Certified. If the dog changes Handlers, a new team exists and the new Team will need to be Certified.
     This Certification will be valid for one (1) year from the date of issue, as defined in Certification Validity paragraph. There will be no fee charged for VPCA Certification testing. A fee may be imposed to cover expenses of travel, lodging and meals only, if necessary.

ACCELERANT DETECTION CERTIFICATION

     This test will determine the proficiency and reliability of K9s in the detection of accelerant odors in a variety of realistic search scenarios.

     For certification the team CANNOT miss more than one (1) aid in all phases of testing. A "team miss" is defined as any incorrect response by the K9 team. If the testing K9 team has more than one (1) team miss, which is a failure, then the K9 team MUST RETEST in ALL stages AND in ALL ODORS that they are seeking accreditation for. It is recommended that the testing be done over a two (2) day period or more. However this is only a recommendation and the final decision shall rest with the Instructor/Evaluator. All aids will be placed at least five (5) minutes prior to testing. As defined by the VPCA accelerant detection rules for testing, the minimum acceptable level required to pass is 91.6%.
     For the purpose of these certification rules, the term "Aid" is a sample of an accelerant that has been poured or dropped in an area.

ODORS

     All canines must be tested on nine (9) different accelerant odors, made up of three (3) odors from each division of heavy, medium, and light hydrocarbons. The odors that may be used to test each division are as follows:

     It shall be the responsibility of the Agencies/K9 Teams being tested to provide samples of all accelerant odors. The Instructor/Evaluator will select the odors used to test each division at random from these samples.
     The maximum amount used for testing shall be one-quarter (1/4) cup, and the minimum amount shall be one (1) drop from a hypodermic syringe and needle. Each area tested will contain a minimum of three (3) aids, and a maximum of four (4) aids; with each being a different accelerant odor. The Handler will not be told the number or type of accelerant aids they are searching for.

TEST AREAS

     Five (5) areas will be provided for testing. The K9 Team will be tested in four (4) of the five (5) areas. The five (5) areas will be:

• Structure/Fire Scene
• Open Area
• Paint Can Line Up
• Clothing Line Up
• Vehicle Interior

STRUCTURE/FIRE SCENE

     The structure/fire scene search shall consist of either an intact structure or the site of a structure fire. If a structure fire scene is selected, the fire must have occurred not less than eight (8) hours nor more than three (3) months prior to the test being conducted. The size of the area used for testing shall be not less than 1600 square feet or more than 2400 square feet. The K9 will search through the area prior to aids being placed to ensure that no accelerant odors are present in the search area. The aids may be placed anywhere from a height of four (4) feet to a depth of three (3) inches under debris or ash.

OPEN AREA SEARCH

     Open area shall be defined as:

• Exterior of buildings
• Open Fields
• Wooded area
• Any outside area not covered in above.

PAINT CAN LINE-UP

     It shall be the responsibility of the Agencies/K9 Teams being tested to provide the correct number of properly prepared paint cans for this test. A minimum of six (6) and a maximum of ten (10) unused one (1) gallon paint cans (each containing burned wood, paper and plastic material) are placed in a line a minimum of three (3) feet apart. No accelerant material is used to prepare the ash samples. If the K9 to be tested indicates aggressively (scratching & biting), lids shall be placed on the paint cans, with a minimum of eight (8) 1/16 inch diameter holes in each lid.

CLOTHING LINE-UP

     A minimum of six (6) and a maximum of ten (10) piles of recently worn clothes are placed in a line a minimum of three (3) feet apart.

VEHICLES

     A minimum of six (6) and a maximum of ten (10) vehicles of any type or model are parked in a line (such as a parking lot) so as to allow the team to have access to each vehicle. All aids will be placed in the interior (passenger compartment) of the vehicles and the teams will confine the search to the vehicle interiors only.

GENERAL RULES

     Prior to the first team entering the test area a person and canine will be walked through the testing area. Each Handler shall brief the Instructor/Evaluator as to the K9's alert and response to aids prior to testing and each indication to an aid by the K9 should be obvious to the Instructor/Evaluator. Prior to each stage the Instructor/Evaluator shall explain each problem that will be encountered by the Handler; such as boundaries, starting point, etc.
     Conversation between tested teams and untested teams will not be allowed while testing is in progress. There is no time limit for a team to complete each stage of testing; however, the Instructor/Evaluator may stop the test once it has been made evident that the Team can not locate the aids.

     All tests given the K9 Team will be on a pass/fail basis. The Instructor/Evaluator will determine if the Team will be Certified upon the completion of the test. The Handler and dog will be considered as a Team, and it is the Team who will be Certified. If the dog changes Handlers, a new team exists and the new Team will need to be Certified.
     This Certification will be valid for one (1) year from the date of issue, as defined in Certification Validity paragraph. There will be no fee charged for VPCA Certification testing. A fee may be imposed to cover expenses of travel, lodging and meals only, if necessary.

CADAVER SEARCH CERTIFICATION

     This test is designed to evaluate the Police K9's ability and proficiency in searching designated areas for the scent of a cadaver.
     As defined by the VPCA Cadaver Detection Rules For Testing, the minimum acceptable level required to pass is 91.6%. For certification the team CANNOT miss more than one (1) aid in all phases of testing. A "team miss" is defined as any incorrect response by the K9 team. If the testing K9 team has more than one (1) team miss, which is a failure, then the K9 Team MUST RETEST in ALL stages AND in ALL ODORS for which they are seeking certification.
     With the exception of the building and the water searches, the minimum search area must be 50 yards by 50 yards. The area size for the building and water searches will be at the discretion of the Instructor/Evaluator. One test area will not contain an aid. At least one of the test areas will contain the remains of an animal.
     A total of twelve (12) legally obtained aids must be provided by the Handler; six (6) of the aids must be less than three (3) months old, and six (6) must be more than three (3) months old. Each must consist of bone and soft tissue. Pseudo-aids are NOT acceptable.

TYPES OF SEARCHES

• Two (2) scent hides will be placed in a rubble area, simulating a collapsed building.
• Two (2) scent hides will be covered with dirt, leaves, brush, or tree branches.
• Twelve hours before testing, two (2) scent hides will be buried in a highly vegetated area. The aids must be at least three (3) months of age and be buried to the depth of 10 inches. A minimum of five (5) holes will be dug.
• Two (2) scent hides will be placed in an elevated position, a minimum of six (6) feet from the ground level or floor. This test may be conducted within the confines of a structure.
• Two (2) scent hides will be submerged in two (2) feet of water for a minimum of thirty (30) minutes prior to the test.
• A minimum of five (5) vehicles will be utilized, two (2) of which will contain a scent hide placed at least one (1) Hour prior to the search.
       An optional searching area may be substituted for one of the above areas.
  
• Two (2) scent hides placed in an organic or inorganic rubbish pile.

HANDLER

     The Handler will advise the Instructor/Evaluator how the K9 will indicate. He/She may enter the search area to direct the K9. This test may be done on or off lead. The K9's indication must be obvious to the Instructor/Evaluator.

     All tests given the K9 Team will be on a pass/fail basis. The Instructor/Evaluator will determine if the Team will be Certified upon the completion of the test. The Handler and dog will be considered as a Team, and it is the Team who will be Certified. If the dog changes Handlers, a new team exists and the new Team will need to be Certified.
     This Certification will be valid for one (1) year from the date of issue, as defined in Certification Validity paragraph. There will be no fee charged for VPCA Certification testing. A fee may be imposed to cover expenses of travel, lodging and meals only, if necessary.

WILDLIFE DETECTION CERTIFICATION

     All tests given the K9 Team will be on a pass/fail basis. The Instructor/Evaluator will determine if the Team will be Certified upon the completion of the test. The Handler and dog will be considered as a Team, and it is the Team who will be Certified. If the dog changes Handlers, a new team exists and the new Team will need to be Certified.
     This Certification will be valid for one (1) year from the date of issue, as defined in Certification Validity paragraph. There will be no fee charged for VPCA Certification testing. A fee may be imposed to cover expenses of travel, lodging and meals only, if necessary.

INSTRUCTOR/EVALUATOR CERTIFICATION

     All tests given the K9 Team will be on a pass/fail basis. The Instructor/Evaluator will determine if the Team will be Certified upon the completion of the test. The Handler and dog will be considered as a Team, and it is the Team who will be Certified. If the dog changes Handlers, a new team exists and the new Team will need to be Certified.
     This Certification will be valid for one (1) year from the date of issue, as defined in Certification Validity paragraph. There will be no fee charged for VPCA Certification testing. A fee may be imposed to cover expenses of travel, lodging and meals only, if necessary.